Regulations No. 31 Winter chain control

Tire Chain Laws by State

Where and when you must chain up, who it binds, whether AutoSock or an alternative traction device counts, and the fine for running bare. Chain orders are posted by the state as conditions change, so this shows how the system works and links you to each state's live status. Covers all 50 states and DC. Reference only, not legal advice.

13States with a chain law
NoneFederal chain mandate
PostedActivated in real time
51Jurisdictions
This is a reference, not a live feed. Chain control is posted and lifted storm by storm, so the levels and dates below describe how each state works, not what is in effect right now. Before a winter pass, check that state's live chain-control status or 511. Each state page below links you there.
01 How it works

No federal chain law, so it changes at every line

There is no federal chain mandate. 49 CFR 392.2 makes you follow the law of the state you are in, so the rule changes at every state line. The western mountain states run the main chain-control programs, and most plains and southern states have none. When a storm hits, the state posts chain control and lifts it when the road clears. Caltrans calls its levels R-1, R-2 and R-3, but the sign reads "Chains Required". Colorado posts its Commercial Motor Vehicle Chain Law, Wyoming posts Level 1 or Level 2, and Pennsylvania posts tiers. Two rules trip drivers up: in most chain states snow tires do not replace chains for a heavy truck, and carrying chains is a separate rule from mounting them.

02 By state

Chain law rules for all 50 states and DC

Tap a state for when chains are required, which passes, who it binds, whether a traction device substitutes, the fine, and the live source for the current order.

StateChain lawScopeWhen required
Alabama AL None None Optional. ALDOT posts no chain order and no chain-control signs
Alaska AK None None No chain-control program runs in Alaska
Arizona AZ None None No fixed season, and no legally binding chain order
Arkansas AR None None Optional. ARDOT posts no chain order and no chain-control signs
California CA Statewide Any state highway Winter storm season, no fixed calendar
Colorado CO Statewide Any state highway No fixed storm calendar
Connecticut CT None None No standing chain order
Delaware DE None None Never mandated. Chains are optional and legal when snow, ice, or other conditions make you slide
District of Columbia DC None None Chains are never required
Florida FL None None Never required. Florida posts no chain order and no chain-control signs
Georgia GA Statewide Any state highway Only in a declared state of emergency for inclement winter weather
Hawaii HI None None Chains are optional and there is nothing to activate
Idaho ID Routes Designated routes only No fixed chain season
Illinois IL None None Chains are optional
Indiana IN None None Chains are optional
Iowa IA None None Chains are optional
Kansas KS None None Optional. No activation
Kentucky KY None None Optional. Kentucky activates no chain order and posts no chain-control or 'Chains Required'…
Louisiana LA None None Optional. Louisiana DOTD posts no chain order and no chain-control signs
Maine ME None None Chains stay optional
Maryland MD None None No chain mandate for trucks
Massachusetts MA Routes Designated routes only Seasonal carry rules bind two permitted truck classes
Michigan MI None None Chains are optional
Minnesota MN None None Optional. No activation
Mississippi MS None None Optional. MDOT posts no chain order and no chain-control signs
Missouri MO None None Chains are optional statewide
Montana MT Statewide Any state highway MDT can post a chain or traction requirement at any time of year
Nebraska NE None None Optional. There is no activation
Nevada NV Statewide Any state highway No fixed season. Chain use is live only when NDOT posts chain-control signs on the approach
New Hampshire NH None None Chains stay optional
New Jersey NJ None None Never mandated. Chains are optional and legal only while the road is slippery from rain, snow
New Mexico NM None None Never required. Chains are optional whenever you judge that snow or ice makes them safer
New York NY None None No standing chain mandate
North Carolina NC None None Optional. NCDOT posts no chain order and no 'Chains Required' signs
North Dakota ND None None Optional. Chains help in the winter months but no sign or order ever makes them mandatory
Ohio OH None None Chains are optional
Oklahoma OK None None Never required, and even permitted use is boxed into November 1 through April 1
Oregon OR Statewide Any state highway No fixed season, most common November through March
Pennsylvania PA Statewide Any state highway Winter storms only
Rhode Island RI None None Chains stay optional
South Carolina SC None None Optional. SCDOT posts no chain order and no chain-control signs
South Dakota SD None None Never a chain-only order
Tennessee TN None None Carry chains when conditions are likely to require them
Texas TX None None Never required. Chains are optional during ice or snow events
Utah UT Routes Designated routes only No fixed season. UDOT decides when adverse or predicted adverse weather calls for the Traction…
Vermont VT Statewide Any state highway Live during winter weather when the state activates it
Virginia VA None None Never mandated by the state
Washington WA Statewide Any state highway You mount chains only when WSDOT posts a chains-required sign
West Virginia WV None None Never mandated. Chains are optional and legal only when snow, ice
Wisconsin WI None None Chains are optional
Wyoming WY Statewide Any state highway No fixed season. WYDOT posts a Level 1 or Level 2 restriction in real time when conditions turn…

Sources: state statutes and administrative rules, plus state DOT and state police chain-control pages. Last reviewed September 2026. Chain control is posted per storm, so this page shows how the system works. Confirm the current order with the state DOT before you rely on it.

03 Chaining up

How to chain up, quick version

01

Prepare

Pull into a chain-up area or a wide shoulder. Turn on your hazards. Lay the chains flat behind the drive tires, hooks facing down.

02

Drape and connect

Drape the chains over the top of the tire. Roll forward slowly until the bottom connectors meet. Hook the inner side first, then the outer.

03

Tighten

Add the bungee tighteners and pull the slack out. Drive one to two miles slow, stop, and re-tighten. Loose chains chew up tires and fenders.

04

Drive it easy

Hold 25 to 30 mph on chains. No hard braking, no sharp turns. Pull them off as soon as the road is bare so you do not tear up the pavement.

04 Pro tips

Tips from the road

Chain Law FAQ

Is there a federal tire chain law?
No. 49 CFR 392.14 tells you to use extreme caution, slow down, and stop when snow or ice makes driving hazardous, and 49 CFR 392.2 makes you follow the law of the state you are in. So the chain rule changes at every state line. The western mountain states run the main chain-control programs, and most plains and southern states have none.
When do chain requirements kick in?
Most switch on in real time. The state posts chain control when a storm hits and lifts it when the road clears, so there is no fixed calendar. California signs read Chains Required; R-1, R-2 and R-3 are Caltrans shorthand, not sign text. Colorado posts its Commercial Motor Vehicle Chain Law, Wyoming posts Level 1 or 2, and Pennsylvania posts tiers. Watch the signs and check the state 511.
Do snow tires count instead of chains?
Usually not. Where a state posts chains over a weight threshold, snow tires do not satisfy it for a heavy truck. Several states accept an approved device instead: Colorado lists AutoSock for its commercial chain law, and Washington approves it for trucks over 10,000 lbs. Wyoming Level 1 accepts adequate snow tires. Read the state rule before you rely on a substitute.
Do I have to carry chains even when the road is clear?
In some states, yes. Colorado requires commercial vehicles of 16,001 lbs or more to carry chains or approved devices September 1 to May 31 on seven mountain corridors, including I-70 west of Morrison. Washington requires vehicles over 10,000 lbs to carry them November 1 to April 1 on listed routes, and Montana has a winter carry rule on designated passes. Not carrying is a fine on its own.
05 Related

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